Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a group of autoimmune disorders causing joint inflammation and stiffness in children under the age of 16. Key symptoms include persistent joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, which can lead to reduced physical activity.

Infectious and autoimmune encephalitis (IAE) is an inflammation of the brain caused by viral or bacterial infections, or via the immune system mistakenly attacking brain tissue, affecting people of all ages. It typically presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and changes in personality or behavior.

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract that can affect the mouth to the anus, but most commonly impacts the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the colon. It typically affects young adults and presents with symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting young men, causing pain and stiffness in the spine. Key symptoms include back pain and stiffness that worsens in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

Von Willebrand disease is a common genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the van Willebrand factor, affecting both males and females. It typically presents with symptoms such as frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and prolonged bleeding from cuts.

Rare bleeding disorders are a group of uncommon genetic conditions characterized by deficiencies in specific clotting factors, leading to abnormal bleeding. Although they can affect individuals of any age or gender, these disorders often present early in life. Key symptoms include frequent nosebleeds, prolonged bleeding from cuts, and bruising easily.

Plasminogen deficiency type 1 (PLGD-1) is a rare genetic disorder affecting individuals of any age, characterized by low levels of plasminogen, a protein essential for breaking down blood clots. This leads to the abnormal growth of fibrin-rich lesions on mucous membranes which can cause symptoms such as respiratory issues, conjunctivitis, and other complications depending on their location in the body.

Hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) is a genetic bleeding disorder primarily affecting males, characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor IX leading to impaired blood clotting. Symptoms often include prolonged bleeding following injuries or surgeries, frequent nosebleeds, and easy bruising.

Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) is an inherited bleeding disorder that primarily affects males, where the blood does not clot properly due to low levels of clotting factor VIII. The condition often presents with prolonged bleeding after injuries, frequent nosebleeds, and easy bruising.

Factor X deficiency is a rare genetic bleeding disorder where Factor X, a protein crucial for clotting, is lacking in the blood, affecting individuals of any age or gender. The condition usually presents with symptoms such as nosebleeds, easy bruising, excessive bleeding after injuries, and in severe cases, spontaneous bleeding.